Cumulative Interactions between the Global Blockage and Wake Effects as Observed by an Engineering Model and Large-Eddy Simulations

By taking into account the turbine type, terrain, wind climate and layout, effects of wakes other losses, engineering models enable rapid estimation energy yields for prospective existing farms. We extend capability models, such as deep-array wake model, to additional losses that may arise due presence clusters farms, global blockage effect large-scale effects, which become more significant with increasing thermal stratification. The extended strategies include an enhanced wind-farm-roughness approach assumes infinite farm, recent developments upstream flow blockage. To test plausibility in capturing real farm clusters, are compared large-eddy simulations through a cluster three farms located German sector North Sea, well measurements power within these Large-eddy together suggest extensions Openwind model help capture different features arising from but further refinement is needed higher-order boundary-layer height, not currently included standard models.